注释：
[1] Minersville School District v. Gobitis, 310 U.S. 586 (1940); West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette, 319 U. S. 624 (1943), http://laws.findlaw.com/US/319/624.html ；Newdow V. U.S. Congress, http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/data2/circs/9th/0016423p.pdf.
[2] "I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America, and to the Republic for which it stands, one nation indivisible, with liberty and justice for all." 誓词最早是在1892年由一位浸礼会牧师佛郎西斯·贝拉米（Francis Bellamy）撰写的，此人是个信奉社会主义理想的基督教社会主义者（Christian socialist）。其堂兄弟是美国著名空想社会主义者、《回顾》(Looking Backward)一书的作者爱德华·贝拉米(Edward Bellamy)。牧师撰写，原稿中还有"平等"一词，但因为美国妇女和黑人并无平等权利，被删去。另外，"美国国旗"（the flag of the United States of America）一语是1924年加上的，原来的文字是"吾旗"（my flag）。冷战最紧张的时期，根据艾森豪威尔总统的建议，美国国会在1954年又通过法案，在国家前面加了"上帝"一词 one nation under God（上帝保佑国家）。参见The New York Public Library Desk Reference, 2nd ed. New York: The Webster's New World, 1989, p.719。就是这一增加，引发了2002年6月美国广为争议的"誓词"案。
[3] the Committee on the Bill of Rights of the American Bar Association
[4] 这是休斯授权传记的说法，据道格拉斯的回忆，是法兰克福特主动请缨。参见Leonard Baker, Brandeis and Frankfurter: A Dual Biography, NY: Harper & Row, pp. 400-401.
[5] Minersville School District v. Gobitis, 310 U.S. 586, 591 (1940)
[6] Minersville School District v. Gobitis, 310 U.S. 586, 596 (1940)
[7] Minersville School District v. Gobitis, 310 U.S. 586, 599 (1940)
[8] Minersville School District v. Gobitis, 310 U.S. 586, 601 (1940)
[9] Minersville School District v. Gobitis, 310 U.S. 586, 604 (1940) (dissenting)
[10] John A. Garraty, ed., Quarrels That Have Shaped the Constitution, New York: Harper & Row, 1987, p. 234
[11] Tony Mauro, Illustrated Great Decisions of the Supreme Court. Washington, D.C.: CQ Press, 2000, p. 228.
[12] William O. Douglas, The Court Years, 1939-1975, NY: Random House, 1980, pp.44-45.
[13] West Virginia State Broad of Education v. Barnette, 319 U. S. 624, 632 (1943)
[14] West Virginia State Broad of Education v. Barnette, 319 U. S. 624, 634 (1943上一页 [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] 下一页
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